Nervous System Anatomy Review

                                                       

Frontal lobe-controls emotions, judgments, controls motor aspects of speech,

primary motor cortex for voluntary muscle activation

Parietal lobe-receives fibers with sensory information about touch,

proprioception, temperature, and pain from the other side of the body

Temporal lobe-responsible for auditory information, and language

comprehension

Occipital lobe- center for visual information

Cerebellum- coordination of muscle function

Brainstem - (midbrain, pons, and medulla)-respiratory and cardiac center, nerve

pathways to the brain

Diencephalon – (thalamus, subthalamus, and hypothalamus)

Thalamus – Integrate and relay sensory information from the face, retina,

cochlea, and taste receptors. (Interprets sensation of touch, pain and

temperature).

Hypothalamus

1.  Controls the autonomic nervous system and the neuroendocrine systems.

2.  Maintains body homeostasis

3.  Helps regulate body temperature

4.  Helps regulate appetite control

5. Thirst Center

6. Sleeping Cycle

7.  Control of Hormone secretion

Glascow Coma Scale

+Eye Opening

+Best Motor Response

+Best Verbal Response

Total (3-15 Score Range) A score of 1 in each category indicates no

performance of skill.

Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic (Fight or Flight):

1. Dilated pupils

2.  Elevates heart rate and respiratory rate

3. Sweating

4.  Epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted

5.  Increased blood pressure

6.  Constriction of skin and abdominal arterioles

Parasympathetic:

1. Constricted pupils

2.  Lowers heart rate and respiratory rate

3. Increased peristalsis

4. Acetylcholine secreted

5.  Decreases blood pressure

6.  Relaxation of skin and abdominal arterioles

Cranial Nerves

I-Olfactory-Smell

II-Optic-Vision acuity

III-Oculomotor – Eye function

IV-Trochlear – Eye function

V-Trigeminal – Sensory of the face,chewing

VI-Abducens – Eye function

VII-Facial – Facial expression, wrinkle forehead, taste anterior tongue

VIII-Vestibulocochlear – Auditory acuity, balance and postural responses

IX-Glossopharyngeal – taste on posterior 33% of the scale

X-Vagus – Cardiac, respiratory reflexes

XI-Spinal Accessory - Strength of trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid muscles

XII-Hypoglossal – Motor function of the tongue

Decorticate vs. Decerebrate Rigidity

Decorticate posturing-Upper limbs in flexion and the lower limbs in extension

Decerebrate posturing- Increased tone with all limbs in a position of extension

Key Terms

Apraxia-Inability to perform purposeful movements

Agnosia-Inability to recognize familiar objects by the various senses

Spasticity-increased tone, hyperactive reflexes, clonus,+Babinski

Ataxia-general term used to describe uncoordinated movement; may influence

gait, posture, and patterns of movements

Chorea-involuntary, rapid, irregular, jerky movements, clinical feature of

Huntington disease

Flaccidity-absent tone

Hypotonia-decreased tone

Expressive Aphasia- inability to speak or difficulty speaking

Receptive Aphasia-inability to understand verbal speech, inability to receive

information